The new recommendations are aimed at reducing the growing global burden of dementia, a condition that currently affects more than 57 million people worldwide and results in nearly 10 million new diagnoses each year. Alzheimer’s disease accounts for an estimated 60% to 70% of all dementia cases.
While there is currently no cure for dementia, WHO said increasing scientific evidence shows that many of the factors linked to cognitive decline can be modified through healthier lifestyles, better management of chronic illnesses and reduced exposure to environmental risks.
WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said advances in research have significantly improved understanding of dementia risk. “We know more today than ever before about what drives dementia risk, and these guidelines translate that knowledge into action,” said Tedros.
The updated guidance builds on recommendations first issued in 2019 and reflects the latest evidence on protecting cognitive health throughout a person’s lifetime.
WHO recommends several measures to reduce the risk of cognitive decline and dementia, including regular physical activity, avoiding tobacco use, limiting alcohol consumption and maintaining a healthy diet.
The organisation also highlighted the importance of cognitive training, social engagement and the effective management of conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes and high cholesterol.
For the first time, the agency has included reducing exposure to air pollution as part of its dementia prevention strategy. The use of hearing aids may also help lower the risk of dementia among people with hearing loss.
However, the WHO cautioned against taking vitamin B supplements, vitamin E, omega-3 fatty acids or multivitamins solely for dementia prevention unless a medical deficiency has been identified. According to the organisation, there is insufficient evidence that the potential benefits outweigh possible risks.
The agency said dementia affects far more than memory and cognitive function. The condition can reduce independence, compromise safety and place significant emotional and financial pressure on families and caregivers.
WHO estimates that dementia costs the global economy approximately $1.3 trillion each year. Around half of that burden is linked to unpaid care provided by family members and friends.
The organisation believes that incorporating dementia prevention into broader programmes addressing non-communicable diseases, mental health and brain health could significantly reduce the future impact of the condition.
According to the WHO, stronger prevention efforts could help millions of people maintain cognitive health for longer, supporting more independent and healthier lives as populations continue to age around the world.
–UN/ChannelAfrica–
